Federal (National)Legislative

Senator

Nigeria has 109 senators — three from each of the 36 states and one from the FCT. The Senate forms the upper chamber of the bicameral National Assembly and has special powers including confirming presidential appointments and ratifying treaties.

Term length

4 years

Seats

109

3 per state (108) + 1 for FCT Abuja = 109 total

Minimum age

35 years

Category

Legislative

Constitutional basis

Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), Sections 48–89

Qualifications to stand

  • Nigerian citizen
  • At least 35 years of age
  • Member of a registered political party
  • Minimum School Certificate or equivalent
  • Resident in the senatorial district or owned property there for at least one year before the election
  • Not under sentence of death or imprisonment exceeding 12 months
  • Not declared of unsound mind

Roles and responsibilities

  • Make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Federation
  • Scrutinise and pass the annual budget
  • Confirm presidential appointments (ministers, ambassadors, INEC chair, etc.)
  • Ratify international treaties
  • Investigate the executive through committees
  • Represent senatorial district constituents
  • Override presidential veto with 2/3 majority

Powers

  • Exclusive legislative authority on items in the Exclusive Legislative List
  • Concurrent legislative authority on the Concurrent List
  • Power to impeach the President or Vice President
  • Power to approve or reject executive nominees
  • Power to amend the constitution (2/3 supermajority required)

Checks and oversight

Who holds this office accountable?

  • Electorate — elections every four years
  • Senate President and Senate Standing Rules
  • Court of Appeal — election petition tribunal
  • Code of Conduct Bureau — asset declaration

Remuneration

₦2,484,091 per annum (basic)

Actual total remuneration including allowances is significantly higher; RMAFC sets the consolidated package

Election

Conducted byIndependent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
Senatorial district election — plurality winner (first past the post)

Related offices

Information based on the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) and the Electoral Act 2022.